Breast cancer is more than just a statistic—it’s a personal journey that touches countless lives. If you’re concerned about breast cancer, whether for yourself or someone close to you, it’s crucial to understand the facts. What are the risk factors? How can you recognize the symptoms early? And what role does screening play in early detection? In this article, we’ll explore these questions and more, providing you with the information you need to stay proactive about your health.
Did you know?
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, second only to skin cancer.
In Canada, 1 in 8 women are expected to develop breast cancer in their lifetime, and 1 in 34 will lose their lives to it.
In 2024, an estimated 30,500 Canadian women will be diagnosed with breast cancer, and 5,500 will die from it.
Although rare, men can also develop breast cancer.
Understanding breast cancer facts is crucial for early detection and effective treatment.
What is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer occurs when abnormal breast cells grow uncontrollably, forming tumors. These tumors can spread beyond the breast tissue, posing a significant threat to your health. Breast cancer typically begins in either the milk-producing glands, known as lobules, or in the ducts that connect these glands to the nipple.
The breast cancer definition expands when these cancerous cells invade nearby breast tissue, which is then called invasive breast cancer. If the cancer spreads to other parts of the body, such as the lungs, liver, brain, or bones, it is known as metastatic breast cancer. Understanding the different types of breast cancer can help you be more informed about your health.
What are the Risk Factors?
Some breast cancer risk factors are beyond your control, while others can be managed to reduce your chances of developing the disease. Here’s a breakdown:
Unchangeable Risk Factors:
Genetics: Certain genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, significantly increase your risk. As these are the genes that produce proteins that help repair damaged DNA.
Age: The risk of breast cancer increases with age, particularly after 50.
Dense Breast Tissue: Makes it harder to detect tumors on a mammogram.
Family History: Having a close relative with breast cancer raises your risk especially immediate family members like mother, father, sister and brother.
Early Menstruation: Starting periods before age 12.
Late Menopause: Going through menopause after age 55.
Not Having Children: Women who have never given birth are at a higher risk.
Modifiable Risk Factors:
Hormone Replacement Therapy: Long-term use of hormones for menopause symptoms can increase your risk.
Alcohol Consumption: More than three drinks per week can elevate your risk.
Obesity: Excess fat tissue can lead to higher estrogen levels, which is linked to breast cancer.
Lack of Exercise: Regular physical activity can lower your risk.
Smoking: This includes exposure to secondhand smoke.
Sleep : Having a proper sleep schedule helps too.
Exposure to Chemicals: Such as pesticides, lead, and BPA.
What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Breast Cancer?
Early detection is key, as most people with breast cancer do not experience symptoms in the initial stages. However, recognizing the signs and symptoms of breast cancer can help you seek medical care promptly.
Common symptoms of breast cancer in women include:
A lump or thickening in the breast, often painless.
Changes in the size, shape, or appearance of the breast.
Dimpling, redness, or pitting of the skin.
Alterations in the appearance of the nipple or areola.
Abnormal or bloody fluid discharge from the nipple.
If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider without delay. Knowing what are the symptoms of breast cancer and acting on them can save lives.
What is a Screening Mammogram?
Screening plays a critical role in the early detection of breast cancer. A screening mammogram is an X-ray of the breast used to detect abnormalities in the breast tissue before any symptoms appear. Regular screenings allow radiologists to monitor changes in your breast tissue over time, increasing the chances of detecting cancer early when it is most treatable.
While opinions vary on when to start and how often to have a mammogram, the Canadian Cancer Society suggests that women aged 40 to 74 have a mammogram every two years. If you are 75 or older, consult your healthcare provider about whether continued screening is appropriate for you. Remember, the guidelines for mammogram access may vary depending on where you live and what your age is, so it’s a good idea to check with local health authorities for further information.
Be Breast Aware
Being breast aware means paying close attention to how your breasts look and feel so you can notice any changes. Regular self-exams and staying informed about breast cancer awareness facts can help you take charge of your health.
Understanding the signs and symptoms of breast cancer, along with regular screenings, can make a significant difference in your life. Stay informed, stay vigilant, and take proactive steps to protect your health.
References:
Breast cancer statistics | Canadian Cancer Society (May 2024)
Screening for breast cancer | Canadian Cancer Society (April 2024)
DBC-Screening-Guide-Draft-13 | Dense Breasts Canada (2024)
Breast Cancer - Canada.ca | Government of Canada (2024)
Breast cancer - Symptoms and causes | Mayo Clinic (2024)
Written By: Lucy Wang, pharmacist and Certified Diabetes Educator®, in 2017
Updated By: Moira Reiley, pharmacist, in 2024
